Domestic violence is a tragic reality that affects millions of people around the world. It is a complex phenomenon that transcends geographical, cultural, and socio-economic boundaries. It involves a range of abusive behaviors, including physical, emotional, sexual, economic, and psychological violence. The term "domestic violence" is used when there is a close relationship between the aggressor and the victim, usually in the sphere of family, friendship, intimacy, between partners and/or ex-partners, among others.
Main causes of domestic violence
Domestic violence doesn't only manifest itself as visible physical aggression. It presents itself in more subtle forms, such as insults, emotional manipulation, isolation, humiliation, threats, and coercion. Sexual and economic violence are also worrying components of this aspect, leaving victims in a constant state of vulnerability. Several factors are important for the occurrence of domestic violence, which perpetuate cycles of abusive behavior.
Here are some of the main causes of domestic violence:
Gender inequality: When there is a belief that one gender is superior to the other, this can lead to abuse as a way of maintaining control and submission. When one partner try to control the other, whether financially, emotionally, or physically, an environment conducive to violence can arise.
Socio-economic factors: Financial pressure, unemployment and economic instability can increase stress within a household, which can lead to conflict and, in some cases, violence.
History of violence: Individuals who were exposed to violence in childhood can replicate these behavioral patterns in their adult relationships. The cycle can be perpetuated from generation to generation.
Substance abuse: The use of alcohol and drugs can increase aggression, contributing to episodes of domestic violence.
Cultural and social factors: Cultural norms that accept aggression as a way of resolving conflicts or that minimize the importance of women's rights can create an environment conducive to violence.
Mental health problems: Psychological disorders, such as personality disorders, can contribute to violent behavior.
Lack of education about healthy relationships, effective communication and conflict resolution can contribute to competitive and violent behavior. The causes do not justify some form of domestic violence. Women are the largest group of victims. However, men, children and the elderly can also be victims. Domestic violence occurs at all levels of society and in all population groups.
Impact on quality of life
Domestic violence has a significant impact on an individual and social level. Victims suffer not only physical and psychological harm, but also face legal, economic, and social challenges. These impacts last for a long time, affecting the victims' quality of life, such as physical trauma, the development of mental disorders, which can even lead to suicidal ideation or acts, low self-esteem, social isolation, substance abuse or repeated violence, emotional trauma, financial dependence, losses at school and work with low productivity and loss of opportunities. It is crucial to be conscious that domestic violence has severe impact and can have serious consequences. It is essential that victims seek support, whether from friends, family, mental health professionals or support organizations for victims of violence, to begin the process of treatment and recovery.
Prevention and Intervention Initiatives
Preventing and combating domestic violence requires comprehensive approaches that include education, training programs to promote healthy relationships, economic support for potential victims, effective legal intervention and treatment for perpetrators in order to interrupt the cycle of abuse. Through these examples, it is possible not only to support victims and punish perpetrators, but also to work towards a cultural change that rejects violence in all its forms. Preventing domestic violence is a shared responsibility and a fundamental step towards building a fairer and safer society for all.
The Dutch government has started a campaign with other organizations to combat and prevent domestic violence. Since 1 July 2013 it has been required for all health, education and social service professionals who suspect a case of domestic violence to consult and follow a special protocol. The protocol explains the five steps professionals should follow if they suspect domestic violence or child abuse. To break the cycle of violence, early intervention is essential, and society plays a crucial role in this process.
If you're worried about someone who may be suffering from domestic violence, contact them, find out about the situation, whether there's been neglect, abuse, or mistreatment, note whether you perceive the person as more anxious, frightened, or depressed than usual. And offer help. Adopt an open and non-judgmental stance.
Veilig Thuis is an investigative body and is available for counselling and support in reporting domestic violence and child abuse and provides appropriate help. Are you suffering from domestic violence in the Netherlands? Talk to someone you trust or call Safe Home (0800-2000). The entire situation and details will be kept confidential for your safety.